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Category Archives: Securities Law

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SEC Increases Advisers Act Qualified Client Thresholds

By Robert E. Plaze on Posted in Business Development Companies, Compliance, Hedge Funds, Private Equity, Regulation, Securities Law
Registered advisers should take note that on June 17th, the SEC adjusted the dollar amount thresholds for clients of registered advisers to be deemed to be “qualified clients” under rule 205-3 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, which permits registered investment advisers to charge performance-based fees to such clients. Upon the effective date of … Continue Reading

Cryptocurrencies and Other Digital Assets: A New Regime

By Margaret A. Dale, Michael R. Hackett, Kirsten E. Lapham, William Komaroff, Timothy W. Mungovan, Dorothy Murray, Joshua M. Newville, Todd J. Ohlms, Seetha Ramachandran, Ana Vermal, Samuel J. Waldon, Jonathan M. Weiss, Anthony M. Drenzek, James Anderson, Alexandra V. Bargoot, William D. Dalsen, Adam L. Deming, David W. Heck, Hena M. Vora and Lucy C. Wolf on Posted in Compliance, Cryptocurrency, Disputes, Enforcement, Private Equity, Regulation, SEC, Securities Law
Cryptocurrencies and digital assets will continue to be an area of intense regulatory focus, but a new administration may bring new regulations. SEC Chairman Gensler has extensive experience with cryptocurrencies and blockchain, including a teaching stint at MIT. However, Gensler has alternated between censure and praise, referring to cryptocurrencies and blockchain both as an “innovative irritant” … Continue Reading

Second Circuit Upholds Insider Trading Conviction, Finding Sufficient Confidentiality Duty and Personal Benefit

By Jonathan Richman on Posted in Enforcement, SEC, Securities Law, White Collar
Last week, the Second Circuit upheld a criminal conviction for insider trading, holding that signing a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) with a target company created a sufficient duty of trust and confidence to support a conviction. The defendant in United States v. Chow, an executive at a foreign private equity firm, was convicted for tipping a … Continue Reading

Increased Regulatory Scrutiny of Private Funds

By Margaret A. Dale, Michael R. Hackett, Kirsten E. Lapham, William Komaroff, Timothy W. Mungovan, Dorothy Murray, Joshua M. Newville, Todd J. Ohlms, Seetha Ramachandran, Ana Vermal, Samuel J. Waldon, Jonathan M. Weiss, Anthony M. Drenzek, James Anderson, Alexandra V. Bargoot, William D. Dalsen, Adam L. Deming, David W. Heck, Hena M. Vora and Lucy C. Wolf on Posted in Compliance, Enforcement, Examinations, OCIE, Private Equity, Securities Law
President Biden has signaled a shift to a more assertive SEC Enforcement program with the nomination, and expected confirmation, of Gary Gensler as the next Chair of the SEC.  Mr. Gensler previously served as the Chairman of the CFTC from 2009 to 2014, where he established a reputation as a forceful regulator. This reputation suggests … Continue Reading

Top Ten Regulatory and Litigation Risks for Private Funds in 2021

By Margaret A. Dale, Michael R. Hackett, Kirsten E. Lapham, William Komaroff, Timothy W. Mungovan, Dorothy Murray, Joshua M. Newville, Todd J. Ohlms, Seetha Ramachandran, Ana Vermal, Samuel J. Waldon, Jonathan M. Weiss, Anthony M. Drenzek, James Anderson, Alexandra V. Bargoot, William D. Dalsen, Adam L. Deming, David W. Heck, Hena M. Vora and Lucy C. Wolf on Posted in Asset Management, Compliance, Cryptocurrency, Cybersecurity, Disputes, Enforcement, Examinations, Hedge Funds, Mergers & Acquisitions, OCIE, Private Credit, Private Equity, Private Equity Litigation, Regulation, SEC, Securities Law, White Collar
The regulatory and litigation risks for private funds are greater than at any time since the financial crisis in 2008. Just a few examples prove the point: the pandemic (which caused extraordinary volatility in revenues and valuations for most asset categories); a new administration in Washington D.C. (with a more muscular regulatory agenda); continued proliferation … Continue Reading

Three Critical Questions That Will (Hopefully) be Answered by the SEC’s Lawsuit against Ripple

By Samuel J. Waldon, Joshua M. Newville and Timothy W. Mungovan on Posted in Cryptocurrency, Disputes, Enforcement, SEC, Securities Law
Late last year, the SEC filed a litigated action in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against Ripple Labs Inc. and two of its executive officers (collectively, “Ripple”), alleging that Ripple raised over $1.3 billion in unregistered offerings of the digital asset known as XRP. Ripple opted not to file … Continue Reading

An Overview of OFAC’s Ongoing Guidance: Chinese Military Companies Trading Ban

By Seetha Ramachandran and David W. Heck on Posted in Asset Management, Compliance, Disputes, Enforcement, Securities Law, White Collar
Over the past few weeks, the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) has issued further guidance in the form of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) and General Licenses that clarify the terms of the Order and its Chinese Military Sanctions Program. To a large degree, OFAC’s guidance confirms that the agency will interpret … Continue Reading

SEC Enforcement’s 2020 Annual Report Reflects Shifting Priorities for Fund Managers: Four Key Takeaways

By Joshua M. Newville, Samuel J. Waldon, Brian A. Hooven and Ariella Muller on Posted in Asset Management, Enforcement, OCIE, Private Equity Litigation, SEC, Securities Law
On Monday the SEC announced its enforcement results for FY 2020, accompanied by a report from the Director of its Division of Enforcement. This report confirms what we have seen over the past year for private fund managers: although OCIE has been more active on adviser examinations, we’ve seen a bit less enforcement activity. Yet … Continue Reading

SEC Announces 2020 National Compliance Outreach Seminar for Investment Companies and Investment Advisers

By Anthony M. Drenzek, Robert E. Plaze, Samuel J. Waldon and Joshua M. Newville on Posted in Compliance, Hedge Funds, OCIE, Private Equity, Private Equity Litigation, Regulation, SEC, Securities Law, Venture Capital
On October 7th, 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced the rescheduled date of its 2020 national compliance outreach seminar for investment companies and investment advisers.  This program is intended to help Chief Compliance Officers and other senior personnel at investment companies and investment advisory firms enhance their compliance programs.  The SEC’s Office of … Continue Reading

Asserting Reliance on Compliance Consultants as a Defense: Admissibility and Effectiveness

By James Anderson, Joshua M. Newville, Robert E. Plaze and Samuel J. Waldon on Posted in Asset Management, Compliance, Disputes, Enforcement, SEC, Securities Law
Asset managers commonly engage regulatory compliance consultants to aid them in addressing regulatory requirements and implementing compliance programs. The work of those compliance professionals can be drawn into SEC enforcement actions in various contexts.  See, e.g., ZPR Investment Mgmt. Inc. v. SEC (compliance consultant resigned when advice not followed and testified in proceeding). One such context … Continue Reading

SEC Expands the “Accredited Investor” and “QIB” Definitions and the Permitted Scope of “Testing the Waters”

By Anthony M. Drenzek on Posted in Asset Management, Business Development Companies, Hedge Funds, Private Equity, Regulation, SEC, Securities Law
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) recently approved amendments to the definition of an accredited investor found in Rule 501(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 that will facilitate the ability of funds and other issuers to raise capital through private placements. Several commenters on the SEC’s proposed rule cautioned that a rise in civil … Continue Reading

Five Principles For Accurate and Reliable Portfolio Company Valuations

By Joshua M. Newville and James Anderson on Posted in Compliance, Examinations, Private Equity, SEC, Securities Law
We have seen the SEC increase its focus on valuation of privately-held portfolio companies recently. The SEC’s increased focus is in line with our prediction made in the Top Ten Regulatory and Litigation Risks for Private Funds in 2020 post from the start of this year, and we expect the trend to continue. The global … Continue Reading

Poison Pills In the Wake of COVID-19: A Refresher on Terms and Variations of Shareholder Rights Plans

By David W. Heck, Michael E. Ellis, Louis Rambo and Samuel J. Waldon on Posted in Compliance, Hedge Funds, Private Equity, Regulation, Securities Law
Shareholder rights plans, commonly known as “poison pills,” are arrangements that can be used by companies to stave off hostile takeovers or activist investors seeking to exert control over a company without paying a control premium. A typical rights plan, if triggered, would allow all shareholders except the triggering person to purchase additional shares in … Continue Reading

ESG-Focused Fund Strategies Face SEC Scrutiny on Disclosures and Internal Procedures

By Joshua M. Newville and Kirsten E. Lapham on Posted in Asset Management, Compliance, OCIE, Private Equity, Regulation, SEC, Securities Law
As investors drive demand for investment products focused on environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors, fund managers have increasingly offered ESG-focused or “sustainable investing” funds. However, a recent speech by SEC Commissioner Elad Roisman has highlighted regulatory concerns for fund managers in the ESG space, particularly with respect to disclosures and internal compliance.… Continue Reading

Private Equity Adviser Settles with SEC for Misallocation of Internal Expenses Relating to “Third-Party Tasks”

By Ariella Muller, Joshua M. Newville and Samuel J. Waldon on Posted in Disputes, Private Equity, Private Equity Litigation, SEC, Securities Law
The SEC issued an order imposing sanctions against private equity adviser Rialto Capital Management, LLC (“Rialto”) for violations of the Advisors Act relating to expense allocation. The settlement addressed Rialto’s allocation of expenses for certain “third-party tasks” performed by in-house employees, which was allowed under the relevant fund documents with consent of the limited partner … Continue Reading

SEC Cracks Down on Retirement Fund Advisers’ Undisclosed Compensation and Conflicts

By Alexandra V. Bargoot, Robert E. Plaze, Samuel J. Waldon and Joshua M. Newville on Posted in Asset Management, Compliance, Examinations, OCIE, Private Equity, Regulation, SEC, Securities Law
In August 2020, the SEC issued two orders against VALIC Financial Advisors Inc. (VFA) related to VFA’s management of 403(b) and 457(b) plans. These matters arise out of two of the SEC’s enforcement initiatives, the Teachers and Military Service Members’ Initiative and the Share Class Selection Disclosure Initiative. VFA is a registered investment adviser and … Continue Reading

SEC Releases Risk Alert Identifying Common Private Equity and Hedge Fund Compliance Deficiencies

By Anthony M. Drenzek, Robert Leonard, Robert E. Plaze, Michael Suppappola and Samuel J. Waldon on Posted in Compliance, Hedge Funds, OCIE, Private Equity, SEC, Securities Law
On June 23rd, the staff of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations issued a new risk alert entitled “Observations from Examinations of Investment Advisers Managing Private Funds.” As discussed in the client alert below, the report highlights many practices which have been the subject of SEC enforcement actions with … Continue Reading

Privacy in the Time of Pandemic: COVID-19 Provides Opportunity to Revisit Regulation S-P Privacy Policies

By Lucy C. Wolf, Margaret A. Dale, William D. Dalsen, Joshua M. Newville and Samuel J. Waldon on Posted in Compliance, Cybersecurity, OCIE, Regulation, SEC, Securities Law
With more people working remotely than ever before in light of COVID-19, firms in the private equity and hedge fund space should review their Regulation S-P privacy and information-safeguarding policies to ensure they are compliant and ready for a prolonged period of remote work. In particular, in view of SEC guidance, firms should focus on … Continue Reading

Misuse of Private Fund Assets Leads to SEC Enforcement and Industry Bar for Fund Manager

By Julia M. Ansanelli, Joshua M. Newville and Samuel J. Waldon on Posted in Asset Management, Disputes, Private Equity Litigation, SEC, Securities Law
In a cautionary tale about the career-limiting risks of SEC sanctions, a private fund adviser and its owner were found to have misused over $1 million of fund assets, resulting in a bar from the investment industry as well as a civil penalty. Monsoon Capital, LLC (Monsoon) is an SEC-registered investment adviser founded and owned … Continue Reading

Who Foots the Bill? SEC Cracks Down on Operating Partner Reimbursement Disclosures

By Hena M. Vora, Joshua M. Newville, Samuel J. Waldon and Michael R. Hackett on Posted in Asset Management, Compliance, Disputes, Private Equity, Private Equity Litigation, SEC, Securities Law
The SEC has been active in the private equity space recently after being relatively quiet for some time. A recent enforcement action serves as a reminder for fund sponsors that regulators are continuing to look at fund sponsors’ practices relating to “operating partners,” particularly in the context of disclosures to limited partners.… Continue Reading

SEC Targets Fund Auditor in Latest Battle Over Valuation Practices

By Adam L. Deming, Joshua M. Newville and Samuel J. Waldon on Posted in Private Equity, Regulation, SEC, Securities Law
Going into 2020, we expected scrutiny over valuation methods to be one of the top regulatory risks for private funds. With ongoing economic uncertainty applying pressure, the SEC will continue to focus on valuation issues surrounding portfolio investments. Fund audit firms are not immune to regulatory scrutiny involving their professional obligations with respect to fund … Continue Reading

Coronavirus Disruption: Regulatory and Litigation Risks for Private Fund Managers

By Hena M. Vora, Samuel J. Waldon, Joshua M. Newville and Michael R. Hackett on Posted in Private Equity Litigation, Regulation, SEC, Securities Law
The impact of the global coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has been rapidly evolving, causing disruption in global commerce across a wide range of industries. Private fund managers are not immune to the disruption. According to PitchBook’s latest analysis, private equity and venture ­­capital still have record amounts of dry powder ($2.4 trillion) to weather the storm … Continue Reading

When is a Cross Trade a Principal Trade? SEC Brings Enforcement Action Against a Fund Manager That Appears not to Have Understood

By Robert E. Plaze, Joshua M. Newville and Lucy C. Wolf on Posted in Compliance, Hedge Funds, OCIE, Private Equity, Regulation, SEC, Securities Law
Last month the SEC brought an enforcement action illustrating how cross trades can trip up a manager of a private fund.  The SEC’s settlement with investment manager Lone Star Value Management LLC was based on allegations that the manager carried out a series of cross trades among funds it managed without disclosing to the client … Continue Reading

Top Ten Regulatory and Litigation Risks for Private Funds in 2020

By Margaret A. Dale, Michael R. Hackett, Kirsten E. Lapham, Timothy W. Mungovan, Joshua M. Newville, Seetha Ramachandran, Samuel J. Waldon, Jonathan M. Weiss, Anthony M. Drenzek, James Anderson, Alexandra V. Bargoot, William D. Dalsen, Adam L. Deming, David W. Heck, Brian A. Hooven, Christina H. Kroll, Hena M. Vora and Lucy C. Wolf on Posted in Business Development Companies, Compliance, Cryptocurrency, Disputes, Examinations, Hedge Funds, Mergers & Acquisitions, OCIE, Private Credit, Private Equity, Private Equity Litigation, Regulation, SEC, Securities Law, Venture Capital, White Collar
The private fund industry is more in the public eye than ever before.  Private capital and private markets have experienced massive growth over the last two decades, substantially outpacing the growth of public equity. We have witnessed that trend continue during the past year, and have worked with our clients to navigate the greater uncertainty … Continue Reading
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