Since 2015, the SEC has brought nearly two dozen enforcement actions for violations of the whistleblower protection rules under Rule 21F-17(a) against employers for actions taken to impede reporting to the SEC. The bulk of these actions have focused on language in employee-facing agreements that allegedly discouraged such reporting. The SEC shows no sign of slowing down; indeed, the Commission has brought five enforcement actions in this past fiscal year alone, and the penalties imposed for these violations appear to be increasing. The settlements – and the risk they represent – serve as a reminder for companies to review their existing employment documents and internal policies, including confidentiality policies, to ensure that restrictive language is removed and that appropriate whistleblower carveout language is included. Conducting this review, and making any appropriate changes, will help ensure compliance with Rule 21F-17(a).
Michael Guggenheim
Michael Guggenheim is an associate in the Litigation Department and a member of the Securities Litigation and White Collar Defense & Investigation groups. He focuses on a wide range of business disputes and regulatory and investigative matters, including enforcement actions brought by the SEC and state attorneys general. In connection with the historic restructuring of Puerto Rico’s debts, Michael is a core part of the team that advises the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico on a variety of issues related to Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act, including advising the Oversight Board on statutory and regulatory developments.
Michael has experience with every stage of litigation, including taking depositions, drafting dispositive and discovery motions, coordinating discovery, preparing witnesses for testimony, and drafting appellate briefs. He has represented clients in both state and federal courts, as well as in arbitrations and government investigations.
Michael maintains an active pro bono practice, which has included litigating against the State of New York to invalidate regulations that would circumvent statutorily mandated protections for children placed in foster care. In addition, he spent a five-month secondment at the New York City Law Department in the Administrative Law and Regulatory Litigation Division.
Michael earned his J.D. from Harvard Law School and his B.A., summa cum laude, from Rutgers University. While in law school, Michael worked for the Litigation Department of the San Francisco City Attorney, was a teaching assistant for the Harvard Law School Negotiation Workshop, and litigated election law cases with Common Cause. He also served as the Executive Managing Editor of the Harvard Law & Policy Review and coached the Boston College mock trial team. In his free time, Michael enjoys practicing yoga.
The Ripple Effect: Implications of the SEC’s Partial Loss in SEC v. Ripple Labs Inc.
The SEC suffered a significant loss last week in its ongoing legal battle with Ripple over the XRP digital token. While the District Court held that Ripple’s initial sales of XRP to institutional investors constituted the sale of unregistered securities, it was a Pyrrhic victory as the court held…